Satellites maximize the inherent value of 5G networks by solving coverage problems and difficult use-cases that ground-based infrastructure alone cannot address. 5G standards make Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) -including satellite segments – a recognized part of 5G connectivity infrastructure.
However, there is more work to be done to ensure that satellite systems are integrated as an intrinsic part of the 5G ecosystem. Intelsat, a leading provider of satellite communication services, is the chair of the ATIS Working Group (WG) focused on this integration.
The goal of the WG is to establish standards for satellite NTNs in 5G and beyond. This will be achieved by bringing together satellite operators and other organizations to develop technical positions and create aligned contributions to advance the support of NTNs in 3GPP. Additionally, the group will evaluate ecosystem topics that are not covered by the existing 3GPP standards.
Integrating 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) with the terrestrial network has the potential to bring connectivity to the unconnected, delivering a future of unprecedented access to ICT services. Orchestrating a cohesive dialogue between satellite operators and terrestrial providers is key to making this happen. ATIS’ NTN Working Group is committed to fostering the convergence of ideas and technical solutions in this area — effectively bridging the gap between the satellite community and influential terrestrial 3GPP ecosystem contributors.
This collaboration will shape priorities and use cases, catering to both domains’ nuanced requirements. Integration strategies will address the distinctive attributes of satellite systems to ensure a robust and effectively integrated network. For mobile network operators and other stakeholders, seamless and efficient integration with satellite systems will create a more synergistic network — one that transcends traditional boundaries and further unleashes 5G’s revolutionary capabilities.
The NTN group is currently addressing several critical challenges that influence the successful deployment and integration of non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) across North America.
Satellite-Terrestrial SCS Exclusion Zones
Terrestrial service providers are leveraging NTNs to expand coverage to terrestrial subscribers. Supplemental Coverage from Space (SCS) refers to a framework that enables this expansion by integrating satellite systems and other NTNs into terrestrial operations, particularly in underserved or remote areas where traditional infrastructure is limited. Governed by the FCC’s February 22, 2024 Order, SCS establishes technical and collaborative requirements to minimize harmful interference, maintain service quality, and protect spectrum usage rights. The framework also safeguards existing services, including radio astronomy, while fostering seamless coexistence between terrestrial and non-terrestrial systems.
The ATIS NTN group is developing an Exclusion Zone (EZ) specification and scheduling framework to support compliance with the FCC’s March 14, 2024, Report and Order. These tools aim to mitigate harmful interference, enable seamless coordination between terrestrial and non-terrestrial spectrum usage, and address environmental concerns such as light pollution. The proposed solution will define the structure of an EZ, including its mandatory and optional elements, to meet interference mitigation and site shielding requirements under the SCS single network framework.
Reference: FCC FACT Sheet Single Network Future: Supplemental Coverage from Space Report and Order and Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking GN Docket No. 23-65 and IB Docket No. 22-271
Satellite Feeder Link Optimization
Feeder links, a critical yet often overlooked component of satellite communication systems, significantly impact overall data throughput and quality of service (QoS). These links operate with proprietary protocols, leaving operators without control over their efficiency or QoS. Moreover, feeder link bandwidth varies widely across regions and countries due to differences in regulatory environments, particularly for satellites traveling over diverse territories. Such variations directly affect the satellite’s throughput and, consequently, the services delivered to ground users.
The challenge is particularly acute in regions with extremely narrow feeder link bandwidth (e.g., 20–30 MHz). Limited bandwidth forces satellite radio resource management to allocate more time per user, causing downlink delays and slower user admission. To ensure the efficient use of narrow bandwidth and maintain service quality, the NTN group is exploring solutions to optimize feeder links, enabling enhanced control and more effective resource allocation for seamless and reliable satellite communication.
Participate in the NTN Subgroups
Join the NTN Subgroups and collaborate with industry leaders to shape the future of timing and synchronization systems. Your insights and contributions are vital to advancing our collective goals. Ready to get involved? Fill out the NTN Subgroup Participation Form.